Mẹo When one group similar objects Events ideas or people in the mind one has formed?
Thủ Thuật Hướng dẫn When one group similar objects Events ideas or people in the mind one has formed? 2022
Lê Nguyễn Hà Linh đang tìm kiếm từ khóa When one group similar objects Events ideas or people in the mind one has formed? được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-11-28 08:20:09 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí kíp Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi Read Post vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Ad lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.ABcognition all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating concept a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people prototype a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories. algorithm a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem heuristic a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms insight a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions confirmation bias a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence fixation the inability to see a problem from a new prespective, by employing a different mental set mental set a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past functional fixedness tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving representativeness heuristic the tendency to judge the likelihood of things in term of how well they match particular prototypes availability heuristic estimating the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind overconfidence refers to the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments belief perseverance tendency for people to cling to a particular belief even after the information that led to the formation of the belief is discredited intuition an immediate, automatic, and effortless feeling or thought framing refers to the way an issue or question is posed and can affect people's perception of the issue or answer to the question language refers to spoken, written, or signed words and how we combine them to communicate meaning phonemes the smallest units of sound in a language that are distinctive for speakers of the language morphemes smallest units of language that carry meaning grammar system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others semantics set of rules used to derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language syntax rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language babbling stage begins around 4 months, is characterized by the spontaneous utterance of speech sounds. During the babbling stage, children the world over sound alike one-word stage between 1 and 2 years of age, children speak mostly in single words; linguistic development two-word stage beginning around age 2, children speak mostly in two-word sentences telegraphic speech economical, telegram-like speech of children in the two-word stage. Utterances consist mostly of nouns and verbs; however, words occur in the correct order, showing that the child has learned some language's syntactic rules aphasia an impairment of language as a result of damage to any of several cortical areas, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area Broca's area located in the left frontal lobe, is involved in controlling the motor ability to produce speech Wernicke's area located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in language comprehension and expression linguistic determinism Benjamin Whorf's hypthesis that language determines the way we think
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- Presentation on theme: "Thinking & Language Concepts are mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas and people. We often form concepts by developing prototypes, the best."— Presentation transcript:When students group similar events ideas or objects into categories this is an example of?Is a mental grouping of similar objects Events ideas etc?Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking?What type of concept develops through our experience?
Presentation on theme: "Thinking & Language Concepts are mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas and people. We often form concepts by developing prototypes, the best."— Presentation transcript:
1 Thinking & Language Concepts are mental groupings of
similar objects, events, ideas and people. We often form concepts by developing prototypes, the best example of a category. Once the prototype is created, our memory of new items will shift it toward the category prototype. Fig. 27.1 Shown a face that was 70% Caucasian, people tended to classify the person as Caucasian and to recollect the face as more Caucasian than it was. (Corneille et al., 2004) (m 352 c f9.1 338) People shown 70% male faces will later remember most of them as male. (Huart
et al., 2005).(m 352 c 338) We are slow to perceive an illness if the symptoms don't match our prototype. (Bishop, 1991).(m 352 c 338)
2 Problem Solving: Obstacles & Strategies Algorithm: a methodical, logical rule or process that
guarantees solving a particular problem. The computer way. Heuristics: a simple thinking strategy the often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently, usually speedier but more error prone. An example: “Two wrongs don't make a right, but three rights make a left.” Insight or the 'aha moment' is a burst of right temporal lobe activity accompanying a solution formed in the left cerebral hemisphere. Fig. 27.2 (Jung-Beeman et al., 2004).(m 354 c 340 f 9.2) But this combination of
fact and feeling can lead us astray. Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
3 Problem Solving Once we incorrectly represent a problem, it is difficult to
restructure our approach to it. This mental set: we use the 'same old' approach, even when it doesn't work. A very good example is the Alcubierre-White theorem that proves that we can travel across the galaxy faster than light (yes, warp drive is coming). We kept thinking bullets, and the solution was wings. Look it up in Wikipedia. A greater problem is the availability heuristic; the very thing that makes neural networks so successful is also their undoing. We make decisions on the first thing
that 'pops' into our minds. But...it is the weird, the sexy, the dangerous that pops up, because we evolved to anticipate danger, not statistics. Fig. 27.5 shows the difference between a terrorist attack and death by a drunk driver. (m 356 c 342 f9.5)
4
Overconfidence Overconfidence is the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments. Why? Our upbeat, problem- solving left brains feel good making decisions, even if they are wrong. (Baumeister, 1989) (m 357 c343). Belief perseverance is our tendency to stand by our judgments, even when wrong. The best way to beat this emotional stance is to consider the opposite point of view. This is also known as hypothetical reasoning. Study the Fear Factor inset on pgs. (m 358-359 c
344-345) for the next exam. Framing is the most difficult of thought-flaws. See Linville et al., (1992) and college student's understanding of condom safety. (m 359 c 345)
5 Intuition Intuition is huge. Unconscious influences on our decision-making is strong support for dual processing. When making complex decisions, we benefit by letting our
brain work on the problem without thinking about it. (Strick et al., 2010).(m 360 c 346) Intuition is usually adaptive; it allows us to react quickly. People's automatic, unconscious associations with a political position can even predict their future decisions before they consciously make up their minds. (Galdi et al., 2008) (m 361 c 347) Intuition is recognition born of experience; especially it is the most efficient solution, born of the integration of many parts of the brain. And this leads
us to a startling conclusion: other species besides ourselves can make intelligent decisions; our brain is simply specialized for language.
6 Animal Thinking Alex the African grey parrot could categorize and name objects, count up to 6, and speak
the names of objects. He could add two small clusters of objects (geometrically cut fruit roll-ups) and announce the sum. And, he understand the concept of the placeholder, the blank space that changes a sequence of objects into a new grouping. This is called zero, and we humans only came up with this 1,000 years ago. (Pepperberg, 2009).(m 362 c 348) Apes can exhibit foresight, by storing a tool that they can use to retrieve food the next day. (Kohler 1925).(m 362 c 348) Researchers have found
least 39 local customs related to chimpanzee tool use, grooming, and courtship. (Whiten & Boesch, 2001). See Fig 27.7 (c 9.7)They also show altruism, cooperation and group aggression. (Anderson et al., 2010).(m 363 c 349)
When students group similar events ideas or objects into categories this is an example of?
Terms in this set (113) A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is known as a(n): prototype.Is a mental grouping of similar objects Events ideas etc?
Cognition: all of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. Concepts: a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking?
Cognition refers to mental activities and processes associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information. Cognition can include reasoning, judgment, and assembling new information into knowledge.What type of concept develops through our experience?
According to Super, self-concept changes over time, and develops through experience. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết When one group similar objects Events ideas or people in the mind one has formed?
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