Review When temperature with baseline and normal temperature ranges are compared what is normally revealed
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Hà Văn Thắng đang tìm kiếm từ khóa When temperature with baseline and normal temperature ranges are compared what is normally revealed được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-10-10 12:14:06 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi tham khảo tài liệu vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comments ở cuối bài để Mình lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.Normal human body toàn thân-temperature (normothermia, euthermia) is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body toàn thân temperature range is typically stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F).[8]
Nội dung chính- Methods of measurement[edit]Variations[edit]Natural
rhythms[edit]Measurement methods[edit]Infrared
thermometer[edit]Variations due to outside factors[edit]Concept[edit]Fever[edit]Hyperthermia[edit]Hypothermia[edit]Basal body toàn thân
temperature[edit]Core temperature[edit]Temperature
variation[edit]Normal[edit]Historical
understanding[edit]References[edit]What is meant by normal temperature and how is it different from average temperature?What is a normal baseline temperature?What is the temperature that to see higher than the normal body toàn thân temperature?What is temperature and its normal range?
Human body toàn thân temperature varies. It depends on sex, age, time of day, exertion level, health status (such as illness and menstruation), what part of the body toàn thân the measurement is taken , state of consciousness (waking, sleeping, sedated), and emotions. Body temperature is kept in the normal range by thermoregulation, in which adjustment of temperature is triggered by the central nervous system.[citation needed]
Methods of measurement[edit]
Taking a person's temperature is an initial part of a full clinical examination. There are various types of medical thermometers, as well as sites used for measurement, including:
- In the rectum (rectal temperature)In the mouth (oral temperature)Under the arm (axillary temperature)In the ear (tympanic
temperature)On the skin of the forehead over the temporal arteryUsing heat flux sensors
Variations[edit]
Diurnal variation in body toàn thân temperature, ranging from about 37.5 °C from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., and falling to about 36.4 °C from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m. (Based on figure in entry for 'Animal Heat' in 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910)
Temperature control (thermoregulation) is part of a homeostatic mechanism that keeps the organism optimum operating temperature, as the temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions. In humans, the average internal temperature is widely accepted to be 37 °C (98.6 °F), a "normal" temperature established in the 1800s. But newer studies show that average internal temperature for men and women is 36.4 °C (97.5 °F). [9] No person always has exactly the same temperature every moment of the day. Temperatures cycle regularly up and down through the day, as controlled by the person's circadian rhythm. The lowest temperature occurs about two hours before the person normally wakes up. Additionally, temperatures change according to activities and external factors.[10][unreliable medical source?]
In addition to varying throughout the day, normal body toàn thân temperature may also differ as much as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) from one day to the next, so that the highest or lowest temperatures on one day will not always exactly match the highest or lowest temperatures on the next day.
Normal human body toàn thân temperature varies slightly from person to person and by the time of day. Consequently, each type of measurement has a range of normal temperatures. The range for normal human body toàn thân temperatures, taken orally, is 36.8±0.5 °C (98.2±0.9 °F).[11] This means that any oral temperature between 36.3 and 37.3 °C (97.3 and 99.1 °F) is likely to be normal.
The normal human body toàn thân temperature is often stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F).[8] In adults a review of the literature has found a wider range of 33.2–38.2 °C (91.8–100.8 °F) for normal temperatures, depending on the gender and location measured.[12]
Reported values vary depending on how it is measured: oral (under the tongue): 36.8±0.4 °C (98.2±0.72 °F),[13] internal (rectal, vaginal): 37.0 °C (98.6 °F).[13] A rectal or vaginal measurement taken directly inside the body toàn thân cavity is typically slightly higher than oral measurement, and oral measurement is somewhat higher than skin measurement. Other places, such as under the arm or in the ear, produce different typical temperatures.[13] While some people think of these averages as representing normal or ideal measurements, a wide range of temperatures has been found in healthy people.[5] The body toàn thân temperature of a healthy person varies during the day by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) with lower temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures in the late afternoon and evening, as the body toàn thân's needs and activities change.[13] Other circumstances also affect the body toàn thân's temperature. The core body toàn thân temperature of an individual tends to have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian rhythms. The body toàn thân temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold.
Natural rhythms[edit]
Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assuming the person sleeps night and stays awake during the day).[11][13] Therefore, an oral temperature of 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) would, strictly speaking, be a normal, healthy temperature in the afternoon but not in the early morning.[13] An individual's body toàn thân temperature typically changes by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) between its highest and lowest points each day.[13]
Body temperature is sensitive to many hormones, so women have a temperature rhythm that varies with the menstrual cycle, called a circamensal rhythm.[10] A woman's basal body toàn thân temperature rises sharply after ovulation, as estrogen production decreases and progesterone increases. Fertility awareness programs use this change to identify when a woman has ovulated to achieve or avoid pregnancy. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, both the lowest and the average temperatures are slightly higher than during other parts of the cycle. However, the amount that the temperature rises during each day is slightly lower than typical, so the highest temperature of the day is not very much higher than usual.[14][unreliable medical source?] Hormonal contraceptives both suppress the circamensal rhythm and raise the typical body toàn thân temperature by about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F).[10]
Temperature also may vary with the change of seasons during each year. This pattern is called a circannual rhythm.[14] Studies of seasonal variations have produced inconsistent results. People living in different climates may have different seasonal patterns.[citation needed]
Increased physical fitness increases the amount of daily variation in temperature.[14]
With increased age, both average body toàn thân temperature and the amount of daily variability in the body toàn thân temperature tend to decrease.[14] Elderly patients may have a decreased ability to generate body toàn thân heat during a fever, so even a somewhat elevated temperature can indicate a serious underlying cause in geriatrics. One study suggested that the average body toàn thân temperature has also decreased since the 1850s.[15] The study's authors believe the most likely explanation for the change is a reduction in inflammation the population level due to decreased chronic infections and improved hygiene.[16]
Measurement methods[edit]
Temperature by measurement technique[12]MethodWomenMen Oral 33.2–38.1 °C (91.8–100.6 °F) 35.7–37.7 °C (96.3–99.9 °F) Rectal 36.8–37.1 °C (98.2–98.8 °F) 36.7–37.5 °C (98.1–99.5 °F) Tympanic 35.7–37.8 °C (96.3–100.0 °F) 35.5–37.8 °C (95.9–100.0 °F)Different methods used for measuring temperature produce different results. The temperature reading depends on which part of the body toàn thân is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows:
- Temperature in the anus (rectum/rectal), vagina, or in the ear (tympanic) is about 37.5 °C (99.5 °F)[17][medical citation needed]Temperature in the mouth
(oral) is about 36.8 °C (98.2 °F)[11]Temperature under the arm (axillary) is about 36.5 °C (97.7 °F)[17][medical citation needed]
Generally, oral, rectal, gut, and core body toàn thân temperatures, although slightly different, are well-correlated.[citation needed]
Oral temperatures are influenced by drinking, chewing, smoking, and breathing with the mouth open. Mouth breathing, cold drinks or food, reduce oral temperatures; hot drinks, hot food, chewing, and smoking raise oral temperatures.[10]
Each measurement method also has different normal ranges depending on sex.[12]
Infrared thermometer[edit]
As of 2022 reviews of infrared thermometers have found them to be of variable accuracy.[18] This includes tympanic infrared thermometers in children.[19]
Variations due to outside factors[edit]
Sleep disturbances also affect temperatures. Normally, body toàn thân temperature drops significantly a person's normal bedtime and throughout the night. Short-term sleep deprivation produces a higher temperature night than normal, but long-term sleep deprivation appears to reduce temperatures.[10] Insomnia and poor sleep quality are associated with smaller and later drops in body toàn thân temperature.[10] Similarly, waking up unusually early, sleeping in, jet lag and changes to shift work schedules may affect body toàn thân temperature.[10]
Concept[edit]
Fever[edit]
A temperature setpoint is the level which the body toàn thân attempts to maintain its temperature. When the setpoint is raised, the result is a fever. Most fevers are caused by infectious disease and can be lowered, if desired, with antipyretic medications.
An early morning temperature higher than 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) or a late afternoon temperature higher than 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) is normally considered a fever, assuming that the temperature is elevated due to a change in the hypothalamus's setpoint.[13] Lower thresholds are sometimes appropriate for elderly people.[13] The normal daily temperature variation is typically 0.5 °C (0.90 °F), but can be greater among people recovering from a fever.[13]
An organism optimum temperature is considered afebrile or apyrexic, meaning "without fever". If temperature is raised, but the setpoint is not raised, then the result is hyperthermia.
Hyperthermia[edit]
Hyperthermia occurs when the body toàn thân produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body toàn thân eventually become overwhelmed and unable to giảm giá effectively with the heat, causing the body toàn thân temperature to climb uncontrollably. Hyperthermia or above about 40 °C (104 °F) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Common symptoms include headache, confusion, and fatigue. If sweating has resulted in dehydration, then the affected person may have dry, red skin.
In a medical setting, mild hyperthermia is commonly called heat exhaustion or heat prostration; severe hyperthermia is called heat stroke. Heatstroke may come on suddenly, but it usually follows the untreated milder stages. Treatment involves cooling and rehydrating the body toàn thân; fever-reducing drugs are useless for this condition. This may be done by moving out of direct sunlight to a cooler and shaded environment, drinking water, removing clothing that might keep heat close to the body toàn thân, or sitting in front of a fan. Bathing in tepid or cool water, or even just washing the face and other exposed areas of the skin, can be helpful.
With fever, the body toàn thân's core temperature rises to a higher temperature through the action of the part of the brain that controls the body toàn thân temperature; with hyperthermia, the body toàn thân temperature is raised without the influence of the heat control centers.
Hypothermia[edit]
In hypothermia, body toàn thân temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism and bodily functions. In humans, this is usually due to excessive exposure to cold air or water, but it can be deliberately induced as a medical treatment. Symptoms usually appear when the body toàn thân's core temperature drops by 1–2 °C (1.8–3.6 °F) below normal temperature.
Basal body toàn thân temperature[edit]
Basal body toàn thân temperature is the lowest temperature attained by the body toàn thân during rest (usually during sleep). It is generally measured immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken, although the temperature measured that time is somewhat higher than the true basal body toàn thân temperature. In women, temperature differs various points in the menstrual cycle, and this can be used in the long term to track ovulation both to aid conception or avoid pregnancy. This process is called fertility awareness.
Core temperature[edit]
Core temperature, also called core body toàn thân temperature, is the operating temperature of an organism, specifically in deep structures of the body toàn thân such as the liver, in comparison to temperatures of peripheral tissues. Core temperature is normally maintained within a narrow range so that essential enzymatic reactions can occur. Significant core temperature elevation (hyperthermia) or depression (hypothermia) over more than a brief period of time is incompatible with human life.
Temperature examination in the heart, using a catheter, is the traditional gold standard measurement used to estimate core temperature (oral temperature is affected by hot or cold drinks, ambient temperature fluctuations as well as mouth-breathing). Since catheters are highly invasive, the generally accepted alternative for measuring core body toàn thân temperature is through rectal measurements. Rectal temperature is expected to be approximately 1 Fahrenheit (or 0.55 Celsius) degree higher than an oral temperature taken on the same person the same time. Ear thermometers measure temperature from the tympanic membrane using infrared sensors and also aim to measure core body toàn thân temperature, since the blood supply of this membrane is directly shared with the brain. However, this method of measuring body toàn thân temperature is not as accurate as rectal measurement and has a low sensitivity for fever, failing to determine three or four out of every ten fever measurements in children.[20] Ear temperature measurement may be acceptable for observing trends in body toàn thân temperature but is less useful in consistently identifying and diagnosing fever.
Until recently, direct measurement of core body toàn thân temperature required either an ingestible device or surgical insertion of a probe. Therefore, a variety of indirect methods have commonly been used as the preferred alternative to these more accurate albeit more invasive methods. The rectal or vaginal temperature is generally considered to give the most accurate assessment of core body toàn thân temperature, particularly in hypothermia. In the early 2000s, ingestible thermistors in capsule form were produced, allowing the temperature inside the digestive tract to be transmitted to an external receiver; one study found that these were comparable in accuracy to rectal temperature measurement.[21] More recently, a new method using heat flux sensors have been developed. Several research papers show that its accuracy is similar to the invasive methods.[22][23][24]
Temperature variation[edit]
Hot[edit]
- 44 °C (111.2 °F) or more –
Almost certainly death will occur; however, people have been known to survive up to 46.5 °C (115.7 °F). [25][26]43 °C (109.4 °F) – Normally death, or there may be serious brain damage, continuous convulsions, and shock.
Cardio-respiratory collapse will likely occur.42 °C (107.6 °F) – Subject may turn pale or remain flushed and red. They may become comatose, be in severe delirium, vomiting, and convulsions can occur.41 °C (105.8 °F) – (Medical emergency) – Fainting, vomiting, severe headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, and drowsiness can occur. There
may also be palpitations and breathlessness.40 °C (104 °F) – Fainting, dehydration, weakness, vomiting, headache, breathlessness, and dizziness may occur as well as profuse sweating.39 °C (102.2 °F) – Severe sweating, flushed, and red. Fast heart rate and breathlessness. There may be exhaustion accompanying this. Children and people with epilepsy may suffer convulsions this temperature.38 °C (100.4 °F) – (Classed as hyperthermia if not caused by a fever) – Feeling hot, sweating, feeling thirsty, feeling very uncomfortable, slightly hungry. If this is caused by fever, there may also be chills.
Normal[edit]
- 36.5–37.6 °C (97.7–99.7 °F) is a typically reported range for normal body toàn thân temperature.[8]
Cold[edit]
- 36 °C (96.8 °F) – Feeling cold, mild to moderate shivering. Body temperature may drop this low during sleep. This can be a normal body toàn thân temperature for sleeping.35 °C (95 °F) – (Hypothermia is less than 35 °C (95 °F)) – Intense shivering, numbness and bluish/grayness of the skin. There is the possibility of heart irritability.34 °C (93.2 °F) – Severe shivering, loss of movement of fingers, blueness, and confusion. Some behavioral changes may take place.33 °C (91.4 °F) – Moderate to severe confusion, sleepiness, depressed reflexes, progressive loss of shivering, slow heartbeat, shallow breathing.
Shivering may stop. The subject may be unresponsive to certain stimuli.32 °C (89.6 °F) – (Medical emergency) – Hallucinations, delirium, complete confusion, extreme sleepiness that is progressively becoming comatose. Shivering is absent (subject may even think they are hot). Reflex may be absent or very slight.31 °C (87.8 °F) – Comatose, very rarely
conscious. No or slight reflexes. Very shallow breathing and slow heart rate. Possibility of serious heart rhythm problems.28 °C (82.4 °F) – Severe heart rhythm disturbances are likely and breathing may stop any time. The person may appear to be dead.[citation
needed]24–26 °C (75.2–78.8 °F) or less – Death usually occurs due to irregular heart beat or respiratory arrest; however, some patients have been known to survive with body toàn thân temperatures as low as 13.7 °C (56.7 °F).[27]
There are non-verbal corporal cues that can hint an individual experiencing a low body toàn thân temperature, which can be used for those with dysphasia or infants.[28] Examples of non-verbal cues of coldness include stillness and being lethargic concerning kinesiological movement, sneezing, unusual paleness of skin among light-skinned people, and, among males, shrinkage, and contraction of the scrotum.[29]
Historical understanding[edit]
In the 19th century, most books quoted "blood heat" as 98 °F, until a study published the mean (but not the variance) of a large sample as 36.88 °C (98.38 °F).[30] Subsequently, that mean was widely quoted as "37 °C or 98.4 °F"[31][32] until editors realized 37 °C is equal to 98.6 °F, not 98.4 °F. The 37 °C value was set by German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in his 1868 book,[33] which put temperature charts into widespread clinical use.[34] Dictionaries and other sources[which?] that quoted these averages did add the word "about" to show that there is some variance, but generally did not state how wide the variance is.[citation needed]
References[edit]
^ Marx J (2006). Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 2239. ISBN 978-0-323-02845-5. OCLC 58533794. ^ Hutchison JS, Ward RE, Lacroix J, Hébert PC, Barnes MA, Bohn DJ, et al. (June 2008). "Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (23): 2447–56. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706930. PMID 18525042. ^ Pryor JA, Prasad AS (2008). Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 8. ISBN 978-0702039744. Body temperature is maintained within the range 36.5-37.5 °C. It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon. ^ a b Axelrod YK, Diringer MN (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders". Neurologic Clinics. 26 (2): 585–603, xi. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID 18514828. ^ a b c Laupland KB (July 2009). "Fever in the critically ill medical patient". Critical Care Medicine. 37 (7 Suppl): S273-8. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117. PMID 19535958.^ Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010). "Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review". Cjem. 12 (5): 435–42. doi:10.1017/s1481803500012598. PMID 20880437. Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia ^ Sharma HS, ed. (2007). Neurobiology of Hyperthermia (1st ed.). Elsevier. pp. 175–177, 485. ISBN 9780080549996. Retrieved 19 November 2022. Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this syndrome.^ a b c Hutchison, James S.; et al. (June 2008). "Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (23): 2447–2456. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706930. PMID 18525042. S2CID 46833. We hypothesized that, as compared with normothermia (36.5 to 37.5°C), treatment with hypothermia... ^ Weintraub, Karen. "Are Human Body Temperatures Cooling Down?". Scientific American. Scientific American. Retrieved 10 March 2022.^ a b c d e f g Kelly, Greg S. (March 2007). "Body temperature variability (Part 2): masking influences of body toàn thân temperature variability and a review of body toàn thân temperature variability in disease" (PDF). Alternative Medicine Review. 12 (1): 49–62. PMID 17397267.[unreliable medical source?]^ a b c Mackowiak, Philip A.; Wasserman, Steven S.; Levine, Myron M. (1992-09-23). "A critical appraisal of 98.6 degrees F, the upper limit of the normal body toàn thân temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich". Journal of the American Medical Association. 268 (12): 1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490120092034. PMID 1302471. ^ a b c Sund-Levander, Märtha; Forsberg, Christina; Wahren, Lis Karen (2002). "Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body toàn thân temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review". Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 16 (2): 122–8. doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x. PMID 12000664. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Longo, Dan L., ed. (2011). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). Tp New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6. Archived from the original on 2012-04-29. Retrieved 2012-03-16.^ a b c d Kelly, Greg S. (December 2006). "Body temperature variability (Part 1): a review of the history of body toàn thân temperature and its variability due to site selection, biological rhythms, fitness, and aging" (PDF). Alternative Medicine Review. 11 (4): 278–93. PMID 17176167.[unreliable medical source?]^ Katz, Brigit (16 January 2022). "Human Body Temperature Is Getting Cooler, Study Finds". Smithsonian. Retrieved 22 January 2022.^ Protsiv, Myroslava; Ley, Catherine; Lankester, Joanna; Hastie, Trevor; Parsonnet, Julie (2022-01-07). Jit, Mark; Franco, Eduardo; Waalen, Jill; Rühli, Frank (eds.). "Decreasing human body toàn thân temperature in the United States since the Industrial Revolution". eLife. 9: e49555. doi:10.7554/eLife.49555. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6946399. PMID 31908267. ^ a b Wong, Lena (1997). Elert, Glenn (ed.). "Temperature of a healthy human (body toàn thân temperature)". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2022-01-25.^ Kiekkas, P; Stefanopoulos, N; Bakalis, N; Kefaliakos, A; Karanikolas, M (April 2022). "Agreement of infrared temporal artery thermometry with other thermometry methods in adults: systematic review". Journal of Clinical Nursing. 25 (7–8): 894–905. doi:10.1111/jocn.13117. PMID 26994990. ^ Zhen, C; Xia, Z; Long, L; Pu, Y (October 2014). "Accuracy of infrared ear thermometry in children: a meta-analysis and systematic review". Clinical Pediatrics. 53 (12): 1158–65. doi:10.1177/0009922814536774. PMID 24879119. S2CID 24982111. ^ Dodd, Susanna R.; Lancaster, Gillian A.; Craig, Jean V.; Smyth, Rosalind L.; Williamson, Paula R. (April 2006). "In a systematic review, infrared ear thermometry for fever diagnosis in children finds poor sensitivity". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 59 (4): 354–7. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.004. PMID 16549256. ^ McKenzie, Jack E.; Osgood, David W. (2004). "Validation of a new telemetric core temperature monitor". Journal of Thermal Biology. 29 (7–8): 605. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.08.020. ^ Nidermann, Reto; Wyss, Eva; Annaheim, Simon; Psikuta, Agnes; Davey, Sarah; Rossi, René Michel (January 2014). "Prediction of Human Core Body Temperature Using Non-Invasive Measurement Methods". International Journal of Biometeorology. 58 (1): 7–15. Bibcode:2014IJBm...58....7N. doi:10.1007/s00484-013-0687-2. hdl:20.500.11850/80468. PMID 23760405. S2CID 11772946. ^ Mendt, Stefan; Maggioni, Martina Ana; Nordine, Michael; Steinach, Mathias; Opatz, Oliver; Belavy, Daniel; Felsenberg, Dieter; Koch, Joachim; Shang, Peng; Hanns-Christian, Gunga; Stahn, Alexander (2022). "Circadian Rhythms in Bed Rest: Monitoring Core Body Temperature via Heat-Flux Approach Is Superior to Skin Surface Temperature". Chronobiology International. 34 (5): 666–676. doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.1224241. PMID 27726448. S2CID 205581198. ^ Uth, Marc-Florian; Koch, Jochim; Sattler, Frank (2022). "Body Core Temperature Sensing: Challenges and New Sensor Technologies". Procedia Engineering. 168: 89–92. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2022.11.154. ^ Chudler, Eric H. "Biological Rhythms", Neuroscience for Kids, faculty.washington.edu^ "Man's temperature registered more than 115.7", Bulletin Journal, August 7, 1980^ MacDonald, Fiona. "This Is How a Norwegian Woman Survived The Lowest Body Temperature Ever Recorded". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 9 May 2022.^ Tomita, K., et al. "Examination of factors affecting the intraoral perception of object size: A preliminary study." Journal of oral rehabilitation 44.4 (2022): 237-243.^ Al-Tubaikh, Jarrah Ali. "Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine." Internal Medicine. Springer, Cham, 2022. 441-493.^ Inwit Publishing, Inc. and Inwit, LLC – Writings, Links and Software Demonstrations – A Fahrenheit–Celsius Activity, inwit.com^ Oxford Dictionary of English, 2010 edition, entry on "blood heat"^ Collins English Dictionary, 1979 edition, entry on "blood heat"^ Wunderlich, Carl Reinhold August (1868). Das Verhalten der Eigenwärme in Krankheiten [The behavior of the self-warmth in diseases]. Leipzig: O. Wigand.; its 1871 2nd edition translated into English and published with the title On the temperature in diseases: a manual of medical thermometry.^ Fischetti, Mark (2022), "Graphic Science: Goodbye, 98.6", Scientific American, vol. 319, no. 6 (December)What is meant by normal temperature and how is it different from average temperature?
The definitions that meteorologists apply to average and normal temperatures differ in some respects from their everyday meanings. An average temperature is an arithmetical average, but a normal temperature goes beyond that. It is a specific average temperature calculated from a 30-year period, currently 1981-2010.What is a normal baseline temperature?
Normal Range A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body toàn thân temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F.What is the temperature that to see higher than the normal body toàn thân temperature?
For practical clinical purposes, a patient is considered febrile or pyrexial if the oral temperature exceeds 37.5°C (99.5°F) or the rectal temperature exceeds 38°C (100.5°F). Hyperpyrexia is the term applied to the febrile state when the temperature exceeds 41.1°C (or 106°F).What is temperature and its normal range?
The average normal body toàn thân temperature is generally accepted as 98.6°F (37°C). Some studies have shown that the "normal" body toàn thân temperature can have a wide range, from 97°F (36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C). A temperature over 100.4°F (38°C) most often means you have a fever caused by an infection or illness. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết When temperature with baseline and normal temperature ranges are compared what is normally revealed Body temperature Normal body toàn thân temperature
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