Mẹo What do you call the process that will explain what the drug does to the body?

Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn What do you call the process that will explain what the drug does to the body toàn thân? 2022

Bùi Lam Khê đang tìm kiếm từ khóa What do you call the process that will explain what the drug does to the body toàn thân? được Update vào lúc : 2022-10-04 01:08:09 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Thủ Thuật về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi đọc tài liệu vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Tác giả lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.

The term pharmacokinetics is derived from the ancient Greek words “pharmakon” and “kinetikos”, meaning “drug” and “putting in motion” respectively. It is one of the main branches of pharmacology, and refers to the way that the body toàn thân reacts on and affects a pharmaceutical substance in the body toàn thân.

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DistributionRelated StoriesPharmacokinetic ValuesPharmacokinetic StudiesFurther ReadingYolanda SmithSuggested Reading

From the moment that a drug enters the body toàn thân, the body toàn thân recognizes it and processes it in a unique way, according to the individual characteristics of the drug. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the body toàn thân reacts to the presence of the drug. This information can be used to improve the administration and use of medicines.

There are four main components of pharmacokinetics: liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (LADME). These are used to explain the various characteristics of different drugs in the body toàn thân. They are covered in more detail below.

Liberation

Liberation is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is released from the formulation it is delivered in. This must occur before the drug can be absorbed into the body toàn thân.

Absorption

Absorption is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance enters the blood circulation in the body toàn thân. The pharmacokinetic parameters for absorption include:

Absorption rate constant: absorption rate / amount of drug remaining to be absorbedBioavailability: amount of drug absorbed / drug dose

Distribution

Distribution is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is dispersed through the fluids and tissues in the body toàn thân. The pharmacokinetic parameters for distribution include:

Apparent volume of distribution: amount of drug in body toàn thân / drug concentration in plasmaUnbound fraction: unbound drug concentration in plasma / total drug concentration in plasma

Metabolism

Metabolism is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is transformed into other substances, called metabolites, in the body toàn thân. The pharmacokinetic parameters for metabolism include:

Metabolic clearance: drug metabolism rate / drug concentration in plasma

Excretion

Excretion is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is removed from the body toàn thân. In rare cases, some drugs may never be completely excreted from the body toàn thân. They then irreversibly accumulate in the tissues. The pharmacokinetic parameters for excretion include:

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Renal clearance: renal excretion rate / drug concentration in plasmaFraction excreted unchanged: renal excretion rate / drug elimination rate

Other pharmacokinetic parameters for all elimination methods (both metabolism and excretion) include:

Rate of elimination: renal excretion plus extrarenal eliminationClearance: rate of drug elimination / plasma drug concentration OR elimination rate constant times the apparent volume of distributionElimination rate constant: drug elimination rate / amount of drug in body toàn thân OR clearance / volume of distributionBiologic half-life for first order elimination drugs: 0.693 / elimination rate constant

Pharmacokinetic Values

There are several mathematical formulas that can be graphically represented to model each of the pharmacokinetic components.

Acid dissociation constant (pKa)BioavailabilitySolubilityAbsorption capacity

Pharmacokinetic Studies

Research studies in pharmacokinetics are usually carried out in healthy volunteers or patients, to investigate and estimate the interplay between drugs and the body toàn thân in the general population.

The data obtained from pharmacokinetic studies is very useful, as it provides information for pharmacologists to make decisions about the appropriate design and administration of each drug.

Clinical pharmacokinetics uses this information and applies it in clinical medical practice, to promote the safest and most effective therapeutic use of drugs for each individual patient.

Introduction to Pharmacokinetics

References

://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK12815/://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/overview-of-pharmacokineticshttp://www.ashp.org/doclibrary/bookstore/p2418-chapter1.aspxhttp://www.braingut.com/pharmacokinetics.asp

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Smith, Yolanda. (2022, February 27). Pharmacokinetics. News-Medical. Retrieved on October 03, 2022 from https://www.news-medical/health/Pharmacokinetics.aspx.

MLA

Smith, Yolanda. "Pharmacokinetics". News-Medical. 03 October 2022. .

Chicago

Smith, Yolanda. "Pharmacokinetics". News-Medical. https://www.news-medical/health/Pharmacokinetics.aspx. (accessed October 03, 2022).

Harvard

Smith, Yolanda. 2022. Pharmacokinetics. News-Medical, viewed 03 October 2022, https://www.news-medical/health/Pharmacokinetics.aspx.