Mẹo Which of the following best explains how the Department of Defense privatizes its own operations quizlet?

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The increased use of the presidential primary since the 1960s has had the following effect(s)
I. Weakened the influence of the political parties
II. Increased the power of political activists in the parties
III. Increased the cost of running for political office
IV. Increased the drama of the party convention
V. Decreased the number of persons challenging incumbents

A) I only
B) I, II, and III only
C) II and III only
D) II and IV only
E) III, IV, and V only

B) I, II, and III only
-Weakened the influence of the political parties
-Increased the power of political activists in the parties
-Increased the cost of running for political office

Which of the following best explains the way in which federal legislation is implemented?
A) Most laws outline general goals and restrictions, which the federal bureaucracy interprets and translates into specific guidelines
B) The manner of implementing federal legislation is negotiated between a joint congressional committee and a presidential advisory committee
C) All of the regulations pertaining to a piece of legislation are contained with the legislation itself
D) After a bill is signed, all disputes pertaining to its implementation are decided by the congressional committee responsible for the bill
E) The details of implementing congressional legislation are worked out in the courts on a case-by-case basis

A) Most laws outline general goals and restrictions, which the federal bureaucracy interprets and translates into specific guidelines

Which of the following was NOT a problem with the Articles of Confederation?
A) There was no strong federal army to prevent revolutions
B) The Articles were almost impossible to amend
C) Each state was taxing trade with other states
D) States were establishing ties with foreign powers
E) The Articles did not adequately protect the freedom of the states

E) The Articles did not adequately protect the freedom of the states
-States were given too much freedom under the Articles of Confederation

The Fifth Amendment to the Bill of Rights protects the American Citizen's right
A) To không lấy phí speech
B) To bear arms
C) Against unreasonable searches and seizures
D) Against double jeopardy
E) Against cruel and unusual punishment

D) Against double jeopardy
-The fifth amendment is basically the amendment to protect individuals from the broad powers of the federal government

Politicians would most likely attempt to generate positive truyền thông stories in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) Volunteering a soup kitchen
B) Championing a popular cause
C) Changing positions on controversial issues
D) Appearing in photographs with military veterans
E) Granting interviews to reporters with similar ideologies

C) Changing positions on controversial issues
-Politicians who switch on controversial issues often face intense scrutiny

Which of the following is NOT generally a method that interest groups use to influence the government?
A) Bribery
B) Direct Lobbying
C) Testifying before Congress
D) Political donations'
E) Endorsmenets

A) Bribery
-Very few interest groups resort to breaking the law and committing bribery

In a given election cycle, a political action committee (PAC) may contribute to a candidate no more than
A) $2,000
B) $3,000
C) $4,000
D) $5,000
E) $6,000

D) $5,000

In order to win the election for the presidency, a candidate must
A) Receive a majority of the votes in the electoral college
B) Receive a majority of the popular vote
C) Receive a plurality of votes in the electoral college
D) Receive a plurality of the popular vote
E) Receive a unanimous vote from the electoral college

A) Receive a majority of the votes in the electoral college

In a Presidential election, state caucuses differ from state primaries in which of the following ways?
A) Only primary winners send delegates to the convention
B) Caucuses usually have lower turnout
C) More states use caucuses than primaries
D) Winners of caucuses must get a majority of the votes
E) Voters in primaries choose representatives to vote for them

B) Caucuses usually have lower turnout
-Caucuses usually have a lower turnout because they are meetings that require more time-intensive commitments than primaries. Also, often caucuses have complex rules for voting

The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to
A) Prevent States from taxing agencies of the federal government
B) Reserve power to the states
C) Restrict the application of judicial review
D) Allow for the burning of the flag as an expression of protect
E) Limit the use of the legislative veto

B) Reserve power to the states
-The Tenth Amendment basically states that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

When a lower court decision is appealed to the Supreme Court, which of the following is most likely to occur?
A. the Supreme Court will reconsider the case. And overturn the lower court decision.
B. The Supreme Court will reprimand the lower court judge for improperly deciding the case.
C. The plaintiffs or defendants will file motions for a change of venue.
D. The case will be retried the lower court level.
E. The Supreme Court will not hear the appeal.

E. The Supreme Court will not hear the appeal.
-Of the approximately 8,000 cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year, only 80 will be heard

Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs?
A. They are used by interest groups to lobby courts.
B. They are used exclusively by liberal interest groups.
C. They are used exclusively by conservative interest groups.
D. They are now unconstitutional.
E. They are the means by which a litigant seeks Supreme court review of a lower court decision.

A. They are used by interest groups to lobby courts.
-Amicus curiae briefs are "legal" briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" for the purpose influencing a courts decision by presenting additional info not contained in the briefs of the formal parties

The terms "fiscal federalism" and "cooperative federalism" refer to situations in which
A. The federal government completely dominates state and local governments
B. states are forbidden any activity that has not been specifically approved by the Supreme Court
C. the federal judiciary uses its power of judicial review to ensure congressional dominance over state legislatures
D. state, municipal, and local income taxes are pooled by special agreement and redistributed in accordance with individual need
E. federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

E. federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding
-Both Cooperative and Fiscal Federalism have the National Government and the State Governments sharing assignments together.Governments sharing assignments together.

Which of the following committees of the House of Representatives sets the conditions for debate and amendment of most legislation?
A. Ways and Means
B. Appropriations
C. Judiciary
D. Rules
E. Government Operations

D. Rules

Of the following, which has been used most to expand the power of the national government?
A. The commerce clause of the Constitution
B. The habeas corpus clause of the Constitution
C. The bill of attainder clause of the Constitution
D. the First Amendment
E. The Fifth Amendment

A. The commerce clause of the Constitution
-The Commerce Clause authorizes Congress to regulate commerce in order to ensure that the flow of interstate commerce is không lấy phí from local restraints imposed by various states.

In recent presidential administrations, the principal staff for the President has been made up of members of the
A. White House Office
B. cabinet
C. Congress
D. national committee of the President's party
E. civil service

A. White House Office

Congressional district boundaries are redrawn every 10 years by the
A. Bureau of the Census
B. state legislatures
C. President
D. House Rules Committee
D. Federal Election Commission

B. State legislatures

The franking privilege refers to the
A. Federal Reserve Board's control over interest rates
B. practice of permitting senators to preview lists of judicial nominees
C. practice whereby legislators with the most seniority select the committees on which they want to serve
D. right of the chair to control the schedule of his or her congressional committee
E. right of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents the government's expense

E. right of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents the government's expense

Which of the following is generally true of the gerrymandering of congressional districts?
A. It results in more Democrats being elected to the House. B. It results in more Republicans being elected to the House.
C. It guarantees that all minority parties will be equally represented.
D. It creates districts that favor one political party over another.
E. It violates the principle of one-person, one-vote.

D. It creates districts that favor one political party over another.

The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the
A. division between levels of government
B. unique powers possessed by each branch of government C. division of church and state
D. barrier between legislative chambers
E. differentiation of municipal powers from county powers

C. division of church and state

Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through
A. "wining and dining" legislators
B. orchestrating petition drives and letter-writing campaigns C. placing persuasive advertisements in the truyền thông
D. threatening to help the legislator's opponent in the next election
E. providing legislators with information on technical issues

E. providing legislators with information on technical issues

States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from
A. categorical grants
B. matching grants
C. block grants
D. project grants
E. grants-in-aid
*Discretion means "the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation."

C. block grants
-Block grants are grants given to the state governments with no strings attached. Meaning that the state is không lấy phí to do what they like with the money

In Miranda v. Arizona, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that
A. illegal aliens have the same right to an education as U.S. citizens
B. evidence seized during an illegal search cannot be used in court
C. affirmative action programs cannot employ numerical quotas
D. police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning them after arrest.
E. the death penalty is constitutional so long as juries are supplied with sentencing guidelines

D. police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning them after arrest.

Which of the following statements about voting behavior in the U.S. is correct?
A. College graduates are more likely to vote than are those who have most a high school diploma.
B. Voters under the age of 25 are more likely to vote than are those in any other age group.
C. Registration requirements have no significant effect on voter turnout.
D. Since 1920, the proportion of women who have voted is approximately the same as the proportion of men who have voted.
E. During the 20th century, the proportion of African Americans who voted was approximately the same as the proportion of White Americans who voted.

A. College graduates are more likely to vote than are those who have most a high school diploma.

An electoral system based on single-thành viên districts is usually characterized by
A. strong, centralized political parties and a weak executive B. higher rates of voter turnout than are common in other systems
C. legislative representation of each party in proportion to the number of votes it receives
D. domination of the legislature by two political parties
E. ideological rather than mass-based parties

D. domination of the legislature by two political parties
-Single-thành viên districts are winnter-takes-all districts

Which of the following is true under the system of checks and balances?
A. The Supreme court can overrule the President's policy proposals.
B. The Senate must ratify treaties negotiated by the President before they become law.
C. A bill becomes law when the House and the Senate pass it, and the Supreme Court declares it constitutional.
D. The Supreme Court can remove members of Congress, and Congress can impeach the President.
E. House of Representatives appoints justices to the Supreme Court & the Senate approves the appointments.

B. The Senate must ratify treaties negotiated by the President before they become law.
-The answer is not C because the President has to approve a bill before it becomes a law

A major reason why the majority of Supreme Court justices have had political experience prior to appointment to the Court is that
A. justices are expected to act like politicians in their decision-making
B. Presidents seek to place individuals on the Court whose policy views are similar to their own
C. the Senate will refuse to confirm any nominee to the Court who is not familiar with the political process
D. appointment to the Supreme court is a reward for political party loyalty
E. the Court is expected to defer to the political branches in making its decisions

B. Presidents seek to place individuals on the Court whose policy views are similar to their own

The Supreme court ruled the legislative veto unconstitutional because such vetoes
A. were the province of the courts alone
B. violated the principle of separation of powers
C. would give the executive branch too much power
D. were an unwarranted infringement on the rights of state governments

B. violated the principle of separation of powers

The President can do which of the following with out seeking the consent of either the House or the Senate?
A. Ratify a treaty.
B. Appoint ambassadors.
C. Appoint district court judges.
D. Deploy troops.
E. Declare war.

D. Deploy troops.

Which of the following is true about the line-item veto?
A. It is specifically granted to the President by the Constitution.
B. It is used by many state governors.
C. It is basically the same as a pocket veto
D. Its use was upheld by the Supreme Court
E. It would, if instituted, strengthen the power of congressional leaders

B. It is used by many state governors.
-Supreme Court ruled that it can't be used by the President because it would grant them too much power. Line-item vetoes are vetoes that only veto a specific part of a bill

In The Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that factions in a republic are
A. a more serious threat if the republic is large
B. natural but controllable by institutions
C. not likely to occur if people are honest
D. prevented by majority rule
E. prevented by không lấy phí elections

B. natural but controllable by institutions

Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates?
A. Requiring that polling booths remain open beyond the hours of the workday
B. Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services
C. Requiring state governments to guarantee short-term bonds issued by large municipalities in their states
D. Requiring all municipalities to impose a minimum property tax on all residential and business properties
E. Requiring states and municipalities to privatize many previously publicly funded services

B. Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services

The term "horse-race journalism" refers to the tendency of the truyền thông to
A. cover Congress by focusing on committee chairs rather than on the work of the committees
B. cover campaigns by emphasizing the relative standings of the candidates in the polls rather than the issues they discuss
C. cover politics by concentrating on scandal & corruption rather than on instances of integrity & honorable action
D. complete for access to sources rather than to cooperate in gathering news
E. compete to be first with major breaking stories rather than trying to present full, accurate accounts of such stories

B. cover campaigns by emphasizing the relative standings of the candidates in the polls rather than the issues they discuss

The largest portion of "uncontrollable spending" is the federal budget is designated for which of the following?
A. Interest on the national debt
B. Entitlement spending
C. Defense spending
D. Environmental programs
E. Salaries of federal bureaucrats

B. Entitlement spending

The 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that upheld a woman's right to secure an abortion was based on the right to
A. privacy implied in the Bill of Rights
B. equality guaranteed by the fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments
C. due process of law enumerated in the Fifth and Sixth amendments
D. adequate medical care implied in the Preamble to the Constitution of Independence
E. life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness enumerated in the Declaration of Independence

A. privacy implied in the Bill of Rights

The doctrine of original intent holds that
A. Supreme court justices must emphasize independent and original thinking in considering constitutional matters
B. the meaning of the Constitution depends on the intention of the framers
C. cases selected for review by the Supreme Court must address an original and new concern not previously addressed by the Court
D. Supreme Court justices should avoid bias by documented their original impressions of a case.
E. the Supreme Court should review all treaties that alter previously establish

B. the meaning of the Constitution depends on the intention of the framers

A major difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate is that
A. filibusters are possible only in the House
B. revenue bills must originate in the Senate
C. judicial nominations originate in a House committee
D. each state has equal representation in the House but not in the Senate
E. there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House

E. there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House

Senate confirmation is required for which of the following presidential appointments?
I. Secretary of state II. White House Chief of staff III. Director of the FBI
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. II and IV only
D. I, III, and IV only
E. I, II, III, and IV

D. I, III, and IV only

To which of the following congressional committees would a proposal to reform the national income-tax system initially be sent?
A. House Appropriations Committee
B. House Ways and Means Committee
C. House Budget Committee
D. Senate Budget Committee
E. Senate Finance Committee

B. House Ways and Means Committee

The concept of "critical elections" is most closely associated with
A. the electoral college process
B. elections during wartime
C. the nomination process
D. economic recession
E. party realignment

E. party realignment

Federal benefits that must be funded by Congress and must be paid to all citizens who meet eligibility criteria are called
A. discretionary appropriations
B. individual entitlements
C. tax expenditures
D. distributive benefits
E. continuing appropriations

B. individual entitlements

One of the most important legislative powers of Congress is
A) The power to choose a president
B) The ability to propose amendments to the Constitution
C) The power to ratify treaties (in the senate)
D) The power to confirm presidential appointments (in the senate)
E) The ability to tax and spend

E) The ability to tax and spend

"Senatorial Courtesy" is
A) The process of getting judicial appointments approved by the House
B) When the Senate approves of the president's choice of a Supreme Court justice
C) When a Senator appoints a judge
D) When the president gets the approval of the two senators from a state where he is about to name a federal judge
E) The law that makes senators immune to prosecution

D) When the president gets the approval of the two senators from a state where he is about to name a federal judge

The Executive Office of the President (EOP) is
A) Often a favored tool of the president due to the lack of congressional oversight
B) Relatively powerless since it is mentioned nowhere in the Constitution
C) Located within the Department of Defense
D) A dumping ground for ex-cabinet secretaries who have done a poor job
E) Always run by the President

A) Often a favored tool of the president due to the lack of congressional oversight

Which of the following would NOT receive money from Social Security?
A) Retired workers
B) The widow of a retired worker
C) A quadriplegic
D) A worker who has just lost her job
E) A family that is chronically poor

E) A family that is chronically poor
-Though this family may get money from the government, it wouldn't be from social security

Which action would a lawmaker who follows the Keynesian school of economics be most likely to take during an economic recession?
A) Increase domestic government spending
B) Keep domestic government spending the same
C) Cut domestic government spending
D) Raise the discount rate
E) Cut taxes

A) Increase domestic government spending
-The school of Keynesian economics believes that the government should spend money during economic downturns to help stimulate the economy

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